NAME
r.in.bin - Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
(GRASS Raster Data Import Program)
SYNOPSIS
r.in.bin
r.in.bin help
r.in.bin [-s] [-f] [-b] [-h] input=name
output=name
bytes=value
[title="phrase"]
[north=value ]
[south=value ]
[east=value ]
[west=value ]
[r=value]
[c=value ]
[subst=old,new]
DESCRIPTION
r.in.bin allows a user to create a (binary) GRASS raster map layer
from a variety of binary raster data formats.
OPTIONS
Flags:
- -s
- Signed data (high bit means negative value)
- -f
- Import the data to a Float type GRASS raster map layer (default is Integer)
- -b
- Byte swap the binary data during import. This includes the header if -h specified.
- -h
- Read region information from a Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) type binary header.
- Is compatible with GMT binary grid types 1 and 2.
Parameters:
- input=name
- Name of an existing binary raster file to be imported.
- output=name
- Name to be assigned to resultant GRASS raster map layer.
- bytes=value
- Number of bytes per cell (2, 4, 8)
- title="phrase"
- Title to be assigned to resultant raster map layer.
- north=value
- Northern limit of geographic region
- south=value
- Southern limit of geographic region
- east=value
- Eastern limit of geographic region
- west=value
- Western limit of geographic region
- r=value
- Number of rows
- c=value
- Number of columns
- subst=val
- Substitute val with NULL
The north, south, east, and west field values entered
are the coordinates of the edges of the geographic region.
The rows and cols field values entered describe the dimensions
of the matrix of data to follow. These six fields are not required
if input is a GMT binary array, with flag -h. If the bytes field is
entered incorrectly an error will be generated suggesting a closer bytes
value.
r.in.bin can be used to import numerous binary arrays including:
etopo30, etopo-5, Globe DEM, BIL, and GMT binary arrays (ID 1 & 2)
EXAMPLE
The following is a sample call of r.in.bin to import GTOPO30 DEM
data:
r.in.bin -s input=E020N90.DEM output=gtopo30 bytes=2 north=90 south=40
east=60 west=20 r=6000 c=4800
(you can add "subst=-9999" if you want sea level to have a NULL value)
The following is a sample call of r.in.bin to import a GMT
type 1 (float) binary array:
r.in.bin -hf input=sample.grd output=sample.grass bytes=4
(-b could be used to swap bytes if required)
NOTES
The geographic coordinates north, south, east, and west
describe the outer edges of the geographic region. They
run along the edges of the cells at the edge of the
geographic region and not through the center of the cells
at the edges.
Notes on (non)signed data:
If you use the -s flag the highest bit is the sign bit. If this is 1 the
data is negative, and the data interval is half of the unsigned (not
exactly). For example:
Data: 2 byte
Unsigned interval: 0x0000 -> 0xFFFF = 0 -> 65535 decimal = 00000000 00000000
->11111111 11111111 binary.
Signed interval: 0x8000 -> 0xFFFF; 0x0000 -> 0x7FFF = -32768 -> -1; 0 ->
32767 = 10000000 00000000 -> 11111111 11111111; 00000000 00000000 ->
01111111 11111111 binary.
This is the 2's complement representation.
So if the data 1 byte the integer range is -128 -> 127, if 2 byte (16 bit,
word) -32768 -> 32767, if 4 byte (32 bit, doubleword, Dword) -2^31 -> 2^31-1.
And of course the value zero has a positive sign.
SEE ALSO
r.out.bin,
r.in.ascii,
r.out.ascii,
r.in.arc,
r.out.arc
AUTHORS
Jacques Bouchard, France (bouchard@onera.fr)
Bob Covill, Canada (bcovill@tekmap.ns.ca)
Man page: Zsolt Felker (felker@c160.pki.matav.hu)